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经济日报金观平：保持物价平稳具有坚实基础******

　　保持物价平稳具有坚实基础

　　金观平

　　国际货币基金组织(IMF)发布的最新《世界经济展望报告》认为，全球高通胀今年有望缓解，预计今年通胀率将从去年的8.8%下降至6.6%。

　　回看2022年，“国际胀”与“国内稳”形成鲜明反差。我国高度重视粮食、能源安全，高度重视重要民生商品和大宗商品保供稳价，在全球通胀屡创新高的背景下，我国居民消费价格指数单月涨幅始终运行在3%以下，全年上涨2%，大幅低于美欧等发达经济体8%左右的涨幅，也明显低于印度、巴西、南非等新兴经济体。物价稳，为稳经济、保民生提供了有力支撑。

　　中央经济工作会议强调，要突出做好稳增长、稳就业、稳物价工作，有效防范化解重大风险，推动经济运行整体好转。展望2023年，我国物价保持平稳运行具有坚实基础。

　　我国经济长期向好的基本面没有变，具有产业体系完备、市场空间大、政策工具箱丰富的优势，特别是粮食生产连续丰收，生猪产能合理充裕，工业品和服务业供给充足，基础能源保障有力，国民经济循环更加畅通，有条件、有能力、有信心继续保持物价平稳运行。同时，我国坚持稳健货币政策，坚决不搞“大水漫灌”，为保持物价稳定营造了良好的货币金融环境。

　　面对严峻复杂的国内外形势，我国持续创新物价调控机制，不断完善稳物价制度体系，实现了有效市场和有为政府的更好结合。目前，全社会商品和服务价格市场化程度已达97.5%，各地区各部门坚持充分发挥市场机制作用，引导扩大生产、增加供应、促进流通。同时，更好发挥政府作用，全面加强粮食、蔬菜、能源等产供储销体系建设，健全价格监测预警机制，完善储备调节制度，强化市场监管，稳定市场预期。

　　保持物价稳定，事关千家万户切身利益，事关经济社会发展大局。2023年，全球经济复苏之路依然崎岖，我国经济恢复的基础尚不牢固，影响国内物价走势的不确定不稳定因素仍然较多。当前，全球通胀形势虽有改善，但抑制通胀仍需时间。IMF预计，即使到2024年，仍将有82%和86%的经济体整体通胀率和核心通胀率高于疫情前水平。中国经济已深度融入世界经济，国际高通胀容易通过生产、流通等多个环节向国内传导。此外，国内疫情防控措施优化后消费需求加快恢复，也可能短期加大结构性通胀压力。因此，防通胀这根弦始终不能放松。

　　巩固来之不易的物价稳定成果，一方面，要继续全力做好粮油肉蛋奶果蔬等重要民生商品和能源资源的保供稳价工作，确保粮食稳产和能源稳定供应，夯实稳物价和保障发展的基础。另一方面，要密切跟踪物价总水平和重要商品价格变化，加强价格监测预测预警，采取前瞻性措施应对可能出现的价格异常波动。落实社会救助和保障标准与物价上涨挂钩联动机制，及时有效缓解结构性物价上涨给部分困难群众带来的影响。

中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

　　中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。

　　2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

　　日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

　　日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

　　事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。

　　因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。

　　日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

　　《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

　　德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

　　日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

　　国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。

　　太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。

　　Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

　　By John Lee

　　(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

　　Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

　　The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

　　On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

　　The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

　　In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

　　Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

　　The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

　　The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

　　The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

　　According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

　　As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

　　However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

　　Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

　　The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

　　If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.