扫清误区 科学抗癌******
近日,美国一名自然疗法医生因在新冠病毒大流行期间,宣传虚假的新冠病毒免疫疗法和出售虚假疫苗接种卡而被法官判处近3年监禁。无独有偶,去年9月,号称“中国自然疗法第一人”的于伟,因涉嫌以自然疗法的名义对一名癌症患者实施诈骗,而被上海闵行检察院提起诉讼并最终获刑。得了癌症的人容易病急乱投医,这也让一些别有用心之人有了可乘之机,因此我们要擦亮双眼,正确认识癌症治疗。
癌症患者易病急乱投医陷入认识误区
中国医学科学院肿瘤医院乳腺外科副主任医师杨雪告诉科技日报记者,自然疗法通常被认为是一种应用与人类生活有直接关系的物质或方法,如食物、空气、水、阳光、睡眠以及有益于健康的精神因素,如希望、信仰等,来保持和恢复健康的一种行为,是一种非医疗手段。
杨雪指出,由于传统癌症治疗方法中的放化疗存在一定副作用,让很多癌症患者对正规治疗心存恐惧和抗拒。“而自然疗法听上去‘很纯天然’,加之一些机构或个人为了利益过度夸大其作用,甚至不惜欺骗患者,使一些患者将自然疗法视为救命稻草,导致了悲剧的发生。”杨雪表示。
除此之外,在癌症治疗中,一些人还企图通过限制饮食达到“饿死”肿瘤细胞的目的,并号称这是“饥饿疗法”。其实,这是一种完全错误的行为。
肿瘤是肿瘤细胞异常增殖导致的疾病,这种增殖带有无序性和掠夺性。北京大学肿瘤医院核医学科研究员朱华介绍,在治疗黑色素瘤时,有一个经典的疗法叫做精氨酸剥夺治疗。黑色素瘤在生长的过程中需要摄取一种非天然氨基酸——精氨酸。人体不能合成这种氨基酸,需要外界提供,因而对患有黑色素瘤的患者,通过服用阻止精氨酸在人体代谢的药物,可以实现对黑色素瘤生长的控制。“这个可能是肿瘤‘饥饿疗法’最有效的案例。”朱华说,但此“饥饿疗法”非彼“饥饿疗法”,实际上,大部分肿瘤是“饿”不死的。“饿死”肿瘤和饿死人这两个概念是不一样的。
“肿瘤长在身体里面,只要人体有血液供应,肿瘤就能得到生长所需要的营养物质。因而,用限制饮食来‘饿死’肿瘤的做法不但不能‘饿死’肿瘤,反而还有可能降低机体抵抗力,得不偿失。”朱华说。
要选择正规医院进行咨询和治疗
杨雪告诫,癌症诊断和治疗都有行业金标准,不要轻信非正规医疗机构的所谓诊断和治疗;对于那些号称能治愈所有癌症、取材自然、没有毒副作用,或者打着民间偏方、祖传秘方,以及“保密专利药物”等旗号的,都需要小心背后的骗局。
杨雪说,鉴别一种疗法有没有效果,是不是在临床得到应用,有条件的患者可以在中国知网、万方数据库或者其他专业网站查阅发表在医学期刊的文献。如果生病,一定要选择正规医院进行咨询和治疗,不要随便相信私人印刷的宣传单、街边小报和不靠谱的网站等,更不要在所谓大仙、大师的忽悠下方寸大乱,误入圈套。如果需要咨询,一定要选择专业医疗机构。
杨雪认为,民间流传的没得到研究证明的方法或许有一定效果,但每位癌症患者的治疗时间窗口非常宝贵,别因此错过了已经证明有效的方法和最佳治疗时机。“不当的治疗方法还可能损害身体抵抗力,导致癌症进一步恶化。”杨雪说。
“无论是什么疗法,都只是患癌后不得不面对的选择,更重要的还是预防癌症的发生。”杨雪建议,日常生活中,人们应当每年进行一次包含癌症检测项目的体检;对于有癌症家族史的人群,可以考虑去医院做遗传咨询或基因检测;另外,也要注意养成健康的生活方式,做到饮食均衡,注意控制体重,戒烟戒酒,规律作息,保持情志舒畅。(记者 罗朝淑)
中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎)